Guidelines for Authors

Dear colleagues,

The editorial staff of the scientific journal “Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Seriya “Ekonomika” = Perm University Herald. Economy“ asks you to read the following instructions carefully and appreciates you for the responsible attitude to the specified requirements:

Manuscript content
Article title and its sections headings
Metadata content and formatting
Manuscript formatting
Acknowledgement
Bibliography list (References for articles in English)
References formatting (for articles in Russian)
Accompanying documents
Licence agreement
An expert advice preparation

1. Manuscript content

The subject area of an article should correspond to the main sections of the Journal:

Economic Theory;
Mathematical, Statistical and Instrumental Methods in Economy;
Regional and Industrial Economics.

Manuscripts should present significant, completed results of new economic researches that have not been published yet and are not submitted for publications in any other journals.

The features of a qualitative manuscript are the depth of the research; careful preparation; logical presentation of the research concepts, results and conclusion.

A manuscript should be written in an academic, scientific language, be characterized by clear statements and contain valuable information, results and conclusion.

The key features of a manuscript should be scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research.

The text of an article should be logically coherent, thus it should be divided into sections.

The sections providing the relevance of the research, its theoretical, methodological and practical value, methods of the research and their novelty, the obtained conclusion and results, the perspectives for further studies should be regularly present.

Each of the highlighted sections should have its own heading and be printed in bold.

An author should not begin a section with the description of its main statements: the section should start with a short introduction that connects the present section with the previous one, and allows a reader to value its significance in the context of the whole article. In the conclusion of a section a summary of the section and a logical pass to a new section should be made.

At the end of an article the main conclusion summarizing the obtained theoretical, scientific and practical results of the study should be made, as well as the directions for further research of the issue should be indicated.

Conclusion is a separate section of an article! It should not repeat the main content of the manuscript.

The editorial staff of the Journal recommends authors to follow the acknowledged international scientific standard IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion) while preparing an article. If an article is devoted to theoretical aspect of a research, the section Methods should be substituted into Theoretical Basis.

IMRaD structure is typical for articles devoted to original studies and is not suitable for review articles.

Authors submitting manuscripts to the Journal guarantee to keep the publication ethical standards and legal norms.

Editors and reviewers are extremely busy people! Appreciate their time, please, and your collaboration with the journal will be successful!

2. Article title and its sections headings

The maximum length of an article title is 10–12 words. Very long as well as very short titles are difficulty comprehended by a reader.

The title of an article should be informative, short, correspond to the academic style of the text, contain the main keywords describing the research theme and content, stress the scientific novelty and importance of the study.

The above-mentioned information refers to the section headings if an author uses headings different from IMRaD standard.

3. Metadata content and formatting

The journal editorial staff has worked out the manuscript formatting sample for authors. This sample includes the correct metadata formatting. The metadata should not be sent to the editorial office in a separate file!

Russian-speaking authors should complete the metadata in Russian.

Russian metadata of any manuscript should include:

UDC, LBK, JEL Code (JEL Code should be found at the website of American Economic Association);
A manuscript title;
An author’s (authors’) name(s), patronymic name(s), surname(s);
SPIN-code (RISC), RISC Author ID, Researcher ID, Scopus Author ID;
E-mail;
Affiliation;
Abstract;
Keywords.

Information about the author(s) should be formatted separately according to the following sample:

Surname, first name, patronymic name – academic degree, academic title, position, organization – place of employment (country, postal code, city, street, house number); e-mail.

English metadata of a manuscript (for articles in English):

The manuscript title;
First name, surname of the author(s);
SPIN-code (RISC), RISC Author ID (РИНЦ), Researcher ID, Scopus Author ID;
E-mail;
Affiliation;
Abstract;
Keywords.

Authors’ first names and surnames: features and rules of transliteration

In accordance with the principles of scientific ethics, the authors of an article may be those and only those who have made a real contribution to the research, who were responsible for the manuscript content and participated in its preparation.

The order of authors mostly depends on their contribution to the conducted research.

When making the list of authors the ethical standards of co-authorship must be complied with.

We would like to pay the authors’ attention that the Russian names must be transliterated but not translated into English! For example, the traslatation of the surname Воронов as Ravens is incorrect; the correct variant is Voronov.

The Journal editorial staff recommends using BSI (British Standards Institution) when transliterating the names.

The transliteration system corresponding to BSI is available at the website translit.net .

In case an author has applied another transliteration in previously published articles and citation databases, this transliteration should be used in all subsequent articles.

The requirements for affiliation

In accordance with the Journal requirements the full version of affiliation including the name of an organization(s) – the place(s) of employment, detailed address (post code, country, city, street, house number) should be given in the article.

In the affiliation a full-length name of an organization (without any abbreviations or shortenings) and the status of the organization should be given.

When choosing the name and address of an organization in the English language, the name and the address adopted by the organization charter and specified on the website of the organization should be used (e.g. Реrm State University instead of Perm State National Research University).

The names denoting the status of an organization, e.g. “Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science” or their acronyms must not be used.

When writing the address in the English language, the following English rules for address writing should be adopted (considering the punctuation): house number, street, city, post code, country (e.g. 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia).

Personal names included in the organizations’ names should be written before the main organization name but not after in the English language. It is unacceptable to use … «named after» in the name of the organization.

Requirements for an abstract

The abstract should include 200–250 words (written in one paragraph).

The abstract should express the relevance, the main idea and purpose of the study, methods and approaches, the novelty of the obtained results, conclusion and the research perspectives.

The syntax structures typical for academic writing should be used in the abstract. An author should avoid using complicated grammar structures and long sentences in the abstract. The text should be characterized by the clarity of statements and contain only meaningful information about the manuscript.

It is necessary to avoid unnecessary introductory words or phrases (e.g. “The authors of the article suggest...) in the abstract. The information contained in the article title should not be repeated in the text of the abstract. And the latter one should not also repeat the text of the manuscript.

The abstract should be written when the article is finished and when the main text of the manuscript is ready.

It is not allowed to include literature references from the text of the article as well as abbreviations that appear only in the full text. Abbreviations and acronyms should be explained.

We would like to stress that an abstract is a main and original source of information about an article. It is one of the most frequently read sections of an article that is why the quality of the abstract determines the readers’ interest to the manuscript and other studies by the particular scientist(s)!

Requirements for keywords

Keywords should be written in each article (from 10 words or expressions in singular and in the nominative case).

Keywords being a list of main concepts and categories that describe the research issue should more fully reflect the manuscript content.

The number of words within the key phrase should not exceed tree.

The main principles to choose keywords:

Use basic (commonly used) terms together with special ones;
Do not used complex (compound) words, words in quotation marks, words with commas;
Any keyword is an independent element that has its own meaning.

Keywords direct a reader and are used to search for articles in electronic databases, therefore, they should reflect the field of science, theme, purpose and an object of the study.

4. Manuscript formatting

The manuscript should be prepared in accordance to the sample adopted by the Journal editorial board. In the filename we recommend to use the authors’ surnames, first names and reference to the article (e.g. IvanovP.A_article.docx).

To format a manuscript in accordance with the present sample is a mandatory requirement for its consideration by the Journal editorial staff.

General requirements for a manuscript preparation and formatting

Paper size: А4.

Orientation: portrait; the use of landscape pages to place tables and figures in the article is prohibited.

Margins: 2,0 cm. (top, bottom, left, right).

Font: Times New Roman.

Point: point size – 14; paragraph indention – 1,25 cm; spacing – single.

The size of the manuscript: not less than 1.0 printer’s sheets (40,000 characters or 15 pages) and not more than 2.0 printer’s sheet (80,000 characters or 30 pages).

While typing the text:

– it is prohibited to apply styles when formatting the text; to alter the template or to create the own one to make the text; to put spaces before punctuation signs; to apply any word spacing; to use any characters to deceive the Antyplagiat system;

– words within a paragraph must be separated by a single space; type the words without forced carrying over.

Figures. The figures must be done in black and white by means of computer graphics that allow editing and changing the configuration without any additional address to the authors.

When a figure is done in a form of a diagram in MsExcel, it should be copied in a Word file with the opportunity to edit using the option “Save the original formatting and introduce a book”. In case an author has such figures, the original Excel file should be sent to the Journal editors.

To use Word-toolkit SmartArt to design a figure is allowed.

The width of a figure should not exceed the width of typesetting. All figures must be enumerated (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 etc.) and have captions that are not in bold type. The figure number and caption are placed under it. There should not be a full stop at the end of the caption.

All figure indications and terms should correspond to those mentioned in the text or captions. All figures should be referred to in the manuscript. The figures should be placed after the paragraph they have been referred to for the first time.

Sample of figure formatting

Fig. 1. Percentage of population with income below the cost of living, %

Tables. Table borders should be black and white and should not be thick (border width is 0,75). Tables should not contain empty cells. All tables should be enumerated (Table 1, Table 2 etc.) and have titles. There must not be a full stop at the end of the title. References to tables are obligatory in the text. The table title is typed in bold 14 pt, the text in the table is normal font size 12 pt. Tables should be placed after the paragraph they have been referred to for the first time. Tables must not be bulky and repeat the text or a figure.

Sample of table formatting

Table 1. Purchasing-power parity GDP per capita in Russia and other countries, $ USA

Country	2014	2015
Russia	26688	25965
France	40704	41476
Germany	46347	46974

If there is one figure or one table in the article, they should not be numerated. To finish the article (the article section) with a figure or a table is prohibited.

Formulas. Formulas should be typed in a special formula editor: MathType or Microsoft Equation.

To type mathematical formulas letters of the Roman alphabet (italics), Greek script (Roman type) and Gothic script (Roman type) are used.

The formulas are carried over to the next line, first of all, at such signs as (=, <, > etc.), secondly – at the (…) sign, at plus and minus signs (+, –), and finally – at the oblique cross (Х). To carry over to the next line is prohibited at the division sign. A mathematical sign, where a formula is carried over to the next line, must be repeated at the beginning of the second line. Expressions under the integral, logarithm, sum, product signs must not be separated from their signs when carrying over the formulas to the next line

Insignificant formulas that do not have independent meanings are typed within the text. More significant formulas are obligatorily enumerated ((1), (2), etc.) and are typed in separate lines. Such formulas are centred, their numbers in brackets have the right alignment.

Such formulas are centred, their numbers in brackets are adjusted on the right edge.

Separate elements of mathematical formulas included in the text are typed according to the above mentioned requirements.

The signs like +, =, <, >, →, ←, ↑, ↓ etc. are prohibited to use in the manuscript.

Abbreviations. All abbreviations and shortenings used by authors in the text, tables, figures and formulas must be defined.

5. Funding

If a research has been conducted with the financial support of any fund or organisation, in the present section of the manuscript the acknowledgement for the provided financial support must be expressed, i.e. to mention the grants, contracts or scholarships that helped to conduct the study.

The appreciation for the colleagues who assisted in the research or expressed critical remarks may be written in this section as well. However, before to appreciate someone you must obtain the consent from those you would like to thank.

6. Bibliography list (References for articles in English)

At the end of each article there must be a bibliography list (for articles in Russian) that is formatted in accordance with GOST R.7.0.5-2008.

For articles in English at the end of the article there must be References.

The references numeration is done as sources are mentioned in the text of the article.

Bibliography list (References) should contain at least 25 sources. Self-citation is no more than 15 %.

Only the sources used while preparing the article must be included in the bibliography list. All sources must be referred to in the text of the manuscript. Unpublished articles or works being in print must not be referred to.

Legal acts, statistical handbooks, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, reference books, reports, textbooks, articles from non-scientific journals, newspapers and other non – scientific literary sources must not be included in the bibliography list (References). If necessary per page footnotes to these sources must be made.

Materials of authors’ abstracts and dissertations should be cited by the sources: monographs and/or journal articles that have already been published because they must be available to everyone including a foreign reader.

References to the articles from journal or collected articles should necessary indicate the pages on which the article is located (e.g. Aguirre A. Contracting institutions and economic growth // Review of Economic Dynamics. 2017. Vol. 24. P. 192–217. DOI 10.1016/j.red.2017.01.009.).

For monographs a total number of pages must be indicated (e.g. Perskii Y.K., Kovaleva T.Y. Institutions of intellectual entrepreneurship. Perm: Perm University Publ., 2011. 163 pp.).

When referring to a literary source in the text, its sequence number should be placed in square brackets (for example, [2], [2; 3]). If you specify the page(s), it should be done as follows: [2, с. 312]; [3, с. 312–320; 4, с. 10].

When listing electronic resources of remote access (from the Internet), the date of access to the document should be stated in parentheses after the Internet address (accessed 01.03.2009).

The editorial staff has worked out the References sample, that authors submitting articles to the Journal should conform to.

Editorial staff recommendations for bibliography list (References)

Bibliography references must be used in the following cases:

While citing parts of a text, formulas, statements, ideas, tables, figures and case studies;
When adopting some statements, formulas, ideas, tables, illustrations and etc. not in a cited form;
When paraphrasing, non-literally reproducing of a part of another text;
When analysing the content of other publications in the article;
When referring a reader to other articles where the information is described more accurately.

The absence of references leads to copyright infringement that is why a reference to the original sources is the only legal way to use materials of other scientists.

An author should avoid excessive self-citation, there should be a balance between references to the own and other’s publications;
Avoid excessive mass references of the following type [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8] and references for the Journal sake.

Bibliography list (References) of low quality may be the reason of refusal to submit the article for concideration.

According to the Journal editorial staff “the low quality” means:

mistakes in references to sources including incomplete output information;
predominance of references to little-known difficult to access sources;
references to unpublished articles;
references to sources that partly present the texts of articles or monographs;
excessive self-citation;
references to non-scientific sources.

7. References formatting (for articles in Russian)

The Journal accepts Russian articles for consideration without References. In case of acceptance of the article for publication, the editorial staff independently prepares References for the article.

8. Accompanying documents

The following accompanying documents in addition to the file with the manuscript should be sent in an electronic form to the editorial office of the Journal via the author’s personal account:

information about an author(s);
a scan-copy of the cover letter signed by all authors;
a scan-copy of the licence agreement;
a scan-copy of the consent to the processing of personal data – if an article has two or more authors, then the consent is drawn up by each author, that is, the number of consents is equal to the number of authors of the article;
excel files with figures and/or other files with figures, diagrams, maps (if necessary);
the manuscript in pdf. format signed by all authors on the last page.

9. Licence agreement

The signing of a licence agreement is a mandatory requirements for the manuscript publication in the scientific journal “Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta Seriya “Economica” = Perm University Herald. Economy”.

The scan of the license agreement together with the manuscript and accompanying documents should be emailed to the editorial staff of the journal “Perm University Herald. Economy”. When the editorial board submits a manuscript, it will ask an author to complete and post two copies of the licence agreement and the acceptance certificate of the manuscript (Appendix 1 to the licence agreement) to the Journal editorial office.

Licence agreement and its sample are available at the link.

When copleteing the licence agreement the following requirements should be accepted:

the documents should be written by hand in two copies;
it is prohibited to use abbreviations;
date and agreement number are not specified (numeration and registration are completed by the Journal editorial staff).

10. An expert advice preparation

An expert advice preparation is a compulsory condition for manuscript publication in the scientific journal “Perm University Herald. ECONOMY” only for studies conducted in Russia. In the event an article is approved and accepted for publication an author should prepare an expert advice (an institute permission where the research has been made) in a single copy for the permission to publish the article in a public space and post the expert advice together with a licence agreement to the Journal editorial office: 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614068, Russia, Editorial office of the journal “Perm University Herald. Economy”.

When the manuscript and accompanying documents (licence agreement, information about an authors, cover letter) have been formatted, an author may submit the materials in the Open Journal System.

«Guidelines for submission and formatting of scientific articles in the journals indexed in international scietometric databases» prepared by the authorized expert consultant of Scopus, a head of Training and Consulting Centre “Academy of Association of Scientific Editors and Publishers” (ASEP, non-for-profit partnership NEICON) O.V. Kirillova were used while making the present Instructions for authors.

The editorial staff of the Journal appreciates “Academy of ASEP” and personally O.V. Kirillova for the accurately prepared guidelines, informative webinars and conferences that increase the efficiency of scientific journals.