Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации: концептуальный анализ национальной программы

Аннотация

Перспективы экономического развития России, ее регионов и отраслей представлены в правительственной программе «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации». Однако данная программа не анализировалась на предмет соответствия современным экономическим концепциям и отсутствия внутренних концептуальных противоречий. Поэтому целью исследования стало выявление в содержании программы концептуальных неопределенностей, выступающих основой формирования альтернативных вариантов экономического развития России и принятия рассогласованных управленческих решений, приводящих к существенным различиям при формировании цифровой экономики в разных отраслях и регионах страны. В ходе исследования установлено, что в программе присутствует три трактовки цифровой экономики – декларируемая (ориентация на данные в цифровой форме), латентная (приоритет цифровых платформ) и перспективная (опора на искусственный интеллект) – и пять уровней стратегической неопределенности: 1) кластерная или платформенная экономика, 2) рассредоточенная или агломерационная экономика, 3) линейная или циркулярная экономика, 4) гомогенный или гетерогенный экономический ландшафт, 5) «умные» города, «умные» агломерации или «умные» регионы. Обзор современных исследований по каждому альтернативному сценарию развития цифровой экономики позволил констатировать, что отсутствие в национальной программе предпочтительных направлений экономического развития, планируемых законодательных ограничений нежелательного развития и понятной региональной политики могут привести в будущем к ряду негативных последствий – опасности чрезмерной монополизации цифрового рынка, доминированию государственных цифровых платформ и гипертрофированной концентрации цифровой экономики в столичном регионе. Пересечение всех альтернативных концепций соответствует 48 теоретически возможным сценариям развития цифровой экономики в России. Установлено, что, скорее всего, Россия будет придерживаться пути развития платформенной агломерационной линейной цифровой экономики в гомогенных ландшафтах и «умных» городах. Отмечается, что с позиции современных исследований и опыта становления цифровой экономики в других странах наиболее благоприятным сценарием является развитие платформенной рассредоточенной циркулярной цифровой экономики в гетерогенных ландшафтах и «умных» регионах. Практическая значимость исследования может быть связана с корректировкой существующей национальной программы или разработкой нового документа «Национальная стратегия пространственного развития цифровой экономики на основе искусственного интеллекта в период до 2050 года». Перспективы дальнейших исследований связаны с поиском новых уровней стратегической неопределенности. Поскольку экономическая деятельность в перспективе будет опираться на сеть электросвязи, одним из таких уровней может стать «4G-, 5G- или 6G-обусловленная цифровая экономика».

Ключевые слова

национальная программа, цифровая экономика, стратегическая неопределенность, искусственный интеллект, платформенная экономика, агломерационная экономика, циркулярная экономика, экономический ландшафт, «умный» город, «умный» регион, цифровая агломерация.

Благодарности

Исследование выполнено за счет средств государственного задания (№ регистрации темы АААА-А17-117041910166-3).

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