Первый закон Тоблера в цифровой экономике на основе Интернета всего: первоочередные вопросы

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2023-2-151-175

Аннотация

Введение. Американский исследователь У. Тоблер сформулировал «первый закон географии», соединив местоположение с процессом взаимодействия экономических агентов. На этой основе создавался пространственный анализ и идентифицировались пространственные взаимодействия в эпоху до Интернета. Однако развитие информационно-коммуникационных технологий поставило под сомнение значимость местоположения и географического расстояния в формирующейся цифровой экономике на основе Интернета людей. После научной дискуссии по этой проблематике и проведения эмпирических исследований установлено, что современная цифровая экономика, в том числе создаваемая на основе Интернета вещей, в определенной мере зависит от реального географического пространства. Дальнейшее развитие технологий ведет к тому, что в следующем десятилетии сформируется цифровая экономика на основе Интернета всего. В настоящее время нет данных о том, как будут осуществляться взаимодействия между пространственно распределенными экономическими агентами в будущем цифровом мире.

Цель. Формулировка вопросов по первому закону Тоблера, будущие ответы на которые позволят подтвердить или опровергнуть гипотезу существования пространственных взаимодействий в цифровой экономике на основе Интернета всего.

Результаты. Для достижения поставленной цели проанализирован первый закон Тоблера, что в отечественной научной литературе сделано впервые, сформулированы основные следствия и неопределенности этого закона, уточнено понятие «пространственное взаимодействие», приведена краткая характеристика Интернета вещей и Интернета всего, представлены контуры будущей цифровой экономики и сформулированы основные вопросы.

Выводы. Представлены семь вопросов, ответы на которые позволят с разных сторон подойти к идентификации пространственных взаимодействий через межмашинное взаимодействие, охват всех видов экономической деятельности, географическую близость к конечному потребителю, гравитационное взаимодействие, экономико-географическое положение, экономическое районирование и пространственную автокорреляцию.

Ключевые слова: цифровая экономика, беспроводная связь, пространственное взаимодействие, экономический агент, Интернет вещей, Интернет всего, экономико-географическое положение, гравитационная модель, экономическое районирование, прост­ранственная автокорреляция

Для цитирования

Блануца В. И. Первый закон Тоблера в цифровой экономике на основе Интернета всего: первоочередные вопросы // Вестник Пермского университета. Сер. «Экономика». 2023. Т. 18, №2. С. 151–175. DOI 10.17072/1994-9960-2023-2-151-175

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Сведения об авторе

  • Виктор Иванович Блануца, Институт географии им. В. Б. Сочавы Сибирского отделения РАН

    Доктор географических наук, эксперт РАН по экономическим наукам, ведущий научный сотрудник

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Опубликован

30.06.2023

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Том 18 № 2 (2023)

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Экономическая теория

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