Семейный бизнес как объект междисциплинарного исследования: обзор методологических подходов

Аннотация

Семейные компании занимают особое место в экономике любой страны. За последние два десятилетия появилось множество исследований, посвященных анализу специфики семейного бизнеса в разных областях экономической деятельности. При этом семейный бизнес как самостоятельный предмет изучения находится в стадии становления; он «растворен» в теоретических концепциях таких отраслей научного знания, как антропология, экономика, социология, психология, теория организации, организационное поведение, теория предпринимательства, стратегический менеджмент. В связи с этим целью авторского исследования является систематизация существующих методологических подходов к изучению семейного бизнеса для выявления перспективных направлений теоретических и эмпирических исследований данной категории в современной экономической науке. Методическую основу исследования составляют общенаучные методы познания и междисциплинарный методологический инструментарий. Доказано, что одновременное изучение семьи как системы и бизнеса имеет решающее значение для расширения понимания специфики семейных фирм и их стратегий, особенностей владения и управления данными компаниями, систематизации социально-психологических факторов, обеспечивающих их развитие. Основываясь на результатах комплексного обзора теоретико-методологических основ исследования семейного бизнеса, на базе междисциплинарного подхода выявлена специфика деятельности семейных компаний в ракурсе следующих четырех элементов, рассмотренных в трудах зарубежных исследователей: стратегия, структура владения, корпоративное управление и социальная психология. В ходе изучения особенностей корпоративного управления определена роль совета директоров в системе управления семейным бизнесом, показаны преимущества организации семейного совета как особого органа управления, выполняющего в том числе наблюдательную функцию и функцию обучения. Проведенный теоретико-методологический обзор может стать основой последующих исследований специфики семейного бизнеса в России.

Ключевые слова

семейный бизнес, эффективность управления, методология, междисциплинарный подход, стейкхолдеры, неформальные отношения, стратегия, корпоративное управление, структура владения, социальная психология.

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